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Balanced Expert Approach Required, Not Bans — (2025) INSC 1472

Blanket conservation bans would force a backslide to coal-powered generation, causing massive carbon emissions that ultimately harm the GIB's habitat through climate change.

M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India — (2025) INSC 1472

Core Argument

Blanket conservation bans would force a backslide to coal-powered generation, causing massive carbon emissions that ultimately harm the GIB's habitat through climate change. The Expert Committee's evidence-based, geographically targeted approach is the only sustainable solution.

Key Precedents

  • M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium case) (1997) 2 SCC 353 — Established that industrial development and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive; the Court balanced heritage conservation with economic activity by imposing proportionate pollution control measures rather than shutting down all industry.
  • Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996) 5 SCC 647 — While establishing the precautionary principle, this Court also held that the principle must be applied in a reasoned, proportionate manner, not as a license for absolute prohibition without evidence.
  • T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (2005) 2 SCC 324 — Recognised that sustainable development requires integration of conservation and development, and that courts should rely on expert committees for complex environmental fact-finding.

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